All Reports
MEPAG Science Goals Document
| Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2020 Version | Banfield et al. (MEPAG) | March 2020 |
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| (Supplemental) Hierarchical Summary Table of Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2020 | MEPAG | March 2020 |
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| (Supplemental) Cross-cutting Summary Table of Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2020 | MEPAG | March 2020 |
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Archived Documents
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| DRAFT for community comments: Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2020 revisions | Banfield et al. (MEPAG) | January 2020 |
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Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2018 |
Banfield et al. (MEPAG) |
October 2018 |
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| (Supplemental) High-level summary of Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2018 | MEPAG | October 2018 |
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| Spring 2018 MEPAG Goals (II/Obj. A & B and III/Obj. A) – Proposed Update (including cover letter from Don Banfield, MEPAG Goals Chair) | MEPAG Goals II and III reps | June 25, 2018 |
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| Spring 2018 MEPAG Goals (II/Obj. A & B and III/Obj. A) – Proposed Changes (i.e., tracked changes) | MEPAG Goals II and III reps | June 25, 2018 |
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| Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2015 Active Version | MEPAG | June 2015 |
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| High-level summary of Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2015 Active Version | MEPAG | June 2015 |
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| Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2012 (Archive Version) | Hamilton et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: 2010 (Archive Version) | Johnson et al. | Sept 2010 | |
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| Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities: (2008 archive version) |
MEPAG | Sept 2008 | |
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| DRAFT FOR COMMUNITY COMMENT: Goal #1 Revision | MEPAG | Mar 2010 | |
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| DRAFT FOR COMMUNITY COMMENT: Goal #4 Revision | MEPAG | Mar 2010 | |
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| Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities (2005 archive version) | MEPAG | Aug 2005 | |
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| Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities (2004 archive version) | Taylor, et al. | July 2004 | |
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| Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities (2001 archive version) | R. Greeley | July 2001 | |
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MEPAG Topical Analysis Reports
| Decadal Survey White Paper Summary of ICE-SAG report | ICE-SAG | June 3, 2020 | |
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| Final Report from the ICE and Climate Evolution Science Analysis Group (ICE-SAG) | ICE-SAG | July 8, 2019 | |
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| Appendix C: Full list of Ice and Recent Climate Science Questions considered within ICE-SAG | ICE-SAG | July 8, 2019 | |
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| Supplemental Materials for ICE-SAG Report | May 28, 2019 | |
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| Report from the Mars International Collaboration Science Analysis Group (MIC-SAG) | MIC-SAG | March 11, 2017 | |
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| Report from the Next Orbiter Science Analysis Group (NEX-SAG) | NEX-SAG | December 14, 2015 | |
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| Note that this report references work done by the HEO ISRU and Civil Engineering Working Group (ICE-WG). In addition to viewing its original presentation at the First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars (see NEX-SAG reference list), the ICE-WG slides can be found below, under "Working Group and SMD Reports". | |||||
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| Candidate Scientific Objectives for the Human Exploration of Mars, and Implications for the Identification of Martian Exploration Zones | MEPAG HSO-SAG | July 24, 2015 |  |
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Special Regions SAG Report (SR-SAG2)
| Astrobiology Cover | N/A | November 11, 2014 |  |
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| A New Analysis of Mars 'Special Regions': Findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2) - published in Astrobiology | J. Rummel, D. Beaty, et al. | November 11, 2014 | |
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Humans to the Martian System Summary of Strategic Knowledge Gaps P-SAG
| Humans to the Martian System Summary of Strategic Knowledge Gaps P-SAG (jointly sponsored by MEPAG and SBAG) | M. Carr, D. Beaty, et al. | June 30, 2012 | |
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| - P-SAG Appendix II | M. Carr, D. Beaty, et al. | May 31, 2012 | |
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| - P-SAG Measurement Matrix | M. Carr, D. Beaty, et al. | July 2012 | |
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| Is Mars Sample Return Required Prior to Sending Humans to Mars? | M. Carr, et al. | 2012 | |
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End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG)
| Planning for Mars Returned Sample Science: Final report of the MSR End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG) | S. McLennan, M. Sephton, et al. | November 2011 | |
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| - Appendix 5 to the report 'Planning for Mars Returned Sample Science: Final report of the MSR End-to-End International Science Analysis Group (E2E-iSAG)': Reference Landing Sites | N. Mangold, et al. | Jul 2011 | |
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Reports from 2006 - 2010
| Recipe for Success: Research and Technology Programs as Key Ingredients of the Mars Exploration Program | V. Hamilton , et al. | Jan 2010 | |
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| Two rovers to the same site on Mars, 2018: Possibilities for Cooperative Science | J. Grant, F. Westall et al. | June 2010 | |
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| Mars Network Science Analysis Group (NetSAG) Final Report | B. Banerdt, et al | Mar 2010 | |
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| Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C): A Potential Rover Mission for 2018 | L. Pratt, et al. | Oct 2009 | |
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| Science Priorities for Mars Sample Return (Report of ND-SAG) | L. Borg, D. Des Marais, et al. | Mar 2008 | |
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| - Science Priorities for Mars Sample Return - Appendix II | Borg, Des Marais, et al. | Mar 2008 | |
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| - Science Priorities for Mars Sample Return - Appendix III | G. MacPherson, et al. | Feb 2005 | |
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| Mars Strategic Science Assessment Group (Report of MSS-SAG) | S. Murchie, et. al. | Feb 2008 | |
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| Planning for the Scientific Exploration of Mars by Humans (Report of HEM-SAG) | J.B. Garvin, J.S. Levine, et al. | Feb 2008 | |
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| Report of the joint NAI / MEPAG Mars Science Laboratory Caching Working Group | A. Steele et al. | Feb 2008 | |
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| Report from the 2013 Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) Second Science Analysis Group | W. Calvin, et al. | May 2007 | |
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| DRAFT - Findings of the Mars Forward Lunar Objectives Science Analysis Group | D. Beaty, et al. | Sept 2006 | |
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| Findings of the Astrobiology Field Lab Science Steering Group (AFLSSG) | A. Steele et al. | Sept 2006 | |
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| Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group (Report of SR-SAG) | D. Beaty, et al. | July 2006 | |
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| Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) SAG Report (SAG-2) | B. Farmer, et al. | July 2006 | |
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| Science Analysis of the November 3, 2005 Version of the Draft Mars Exploration Program Plan | R. Arvidson, et al. | Jan 2006 | |
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Reports from 2001 - 2005
| Report of the MEPAG Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group Technology Demonstration and Infrastructure Emplacement (TI) Sub-Group | Hinners, et al. | July 2005 | |
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| An Analysis of the Precursor Measurements of Mars Needed to Reduce the Risk of the First Human Mission to Mars | Beaty, et al. | June 2005 | |
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| Science Priorities Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Landers (OCSSG) | Mahaffy, et al. | Nov 2004 | |
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| Findings of the Moon-Mars Science Linkage Science Steering Group | C. Shearer, et al. | Oct 2004 | |
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| Groundbreaking MSR: Science Requirements for a First Mars Surface-Sample Return Mission (MSR-SSG) | G. MacPherson et al. | Oct 2002 | |
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| Pathways SSG Report: Investigation-driven science pathways for Mars exploration (P-SSG) | D. McCleese, R. Greeley, et al. | 2002 | |
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| The First Returned Martian Samples: Science Opportunities | G. MacPherson et al. | July 2001 | |
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Working Group and SMD Reports
| MSR Operational Scenarios Definition Team Report | December 10, 2021 |
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| Mars Sample Return Caching Strategy Steering Committee Report | Caching Strategy Steering Committee | March 2021 | |
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| Mars Water In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Planning (M-WIP) Study | Abbud-Madrid et al. | April 22, 2016 | |
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| ISRU & Civil Engineering Needs for Future Human Mars Missions | Steve Hoffman, ICE-WG | October 27, 2015 | |
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Mars Exploration Program Planning Documents
| Mars, the Nearest Habitable World – A Comprehensive Program for Future Mars Exploration. Report by the Mars Architecture Strategy Working Group (MASWG) |
MASWG; B. M. Jakosky et al. | Nov 2020 |
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Organic Contamination Panel
| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover: Appendix 9.1 | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover: Appendix 9.2 | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover: Appendix 9.3 | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover: Appendix 9.4 | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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| Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples and Implications for the Mars 2020 Rover: Appendix 9.5 | R. E. Summons, A. L. Sessions, et al. | Sept 2014 | |
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Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team
| Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team | J. Mustard et al. | July 2013 | |
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| - Appendices to the Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team | J. Mustard, et al. | July 2013 | |
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| - Report of the 2020 Rover SDT | J. Mustard, et al. | July 2013 | |
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| Report of the 2018 Joint Mars Rover Mission Joint Science Working Group (JSWG) | D. Beaty, et al. | Mar 2012 | |
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| Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) Science Definition Team (SDT) Update Report | M. Smith et al. | Mar 2009 | |
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| Science Perspectives for Candidate Mars Mission Architectures for 2016-2026 (MATT-3) | P. Christensen, et al. | Mar 2009 | |
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| Analysis of arguments for and against removing the sample cache hardware from MSL | S. McLennan, et al. | Oct 2008 | |
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| Science Perspectives for Candidate Mars Mission Architectures 2016-2026 (MATT-2) | Christensen, et al.. | June 2008 | |
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| Mars Architecture Tiger Team Results (MATT-1) | Christensen, et al. | Feb 2008 | |
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| Report of the NASA Science Definition Team for the Mars Science Orbiter (MSO) | M. Smith, et al. | Feb 2008 | |
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| Update to the Robotic Mars Exploration Strategy 2007-2016 (MAPG) | D. Beaty, et al. | Nov 2006 | |
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| Robotic Mars Exploration Strategy 2007-2016 (MAPG) | D. McCleese, et al. | Mar 2006 | |
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| GTC White Paper - Growing and Strengthening the Mars Science Community | D. Beaty, et al. | Apr 2004 | |
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| Mars Exploration Strategy (MSPSG) | D. McCleese, et al. | Mar 2004 | |
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| MSL Project Science Integration Group Final Report | D. McCleese, J. Farmer, et al. | May 2003 | |
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| The Search for Evidence of Life on Mars | D. McCleese, et al. | July 2001 | |
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Science Mission Directorate Documents
| Scientific requirements for a possible Mars Science Laboratory sample cache | C. McKay, et al. | Sept 2007 | |
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International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG)
| Report of the International Mars Sample Return Objectives & Samples Team: The Potential Science and Engineering Value of Samples Delivered to Earth by Mars Sample Return - Final | D. W. Beaty, M. M. Grady, et al. | August 2018 |
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| Phase 2 Report of the International Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples (iMARS) Working Group: A Draft Mission Architecture and Science Management Plan for the Return of Samples from Mars - published in Astrobiology | T. Haltigin et al. | April 2018 | 
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2013 - 2023 Decadal Survey
This site contains descriptions and links to the current activities by the MEPAG and the associated Mars community in support of the Planetary Decadal Survey (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/SSB/CurrentProjects/ssb_052412).
Mars Panel Meeting Dates (Committee Membership)
Meeting 1, 9-11 September, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Meeting 2, 4-6 November, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California (Agenda)
| Apr 14, 2009 | To the Mars Community | |
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| June 4, 2009 | Decadal Survey Meeting dates from David Smith | |
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| Sept 3, 2009 | Agenda for the 9-11 September meeting of the Mars Panel of the Planetary Science Decadal Survey | |
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MEPAG White Papers
| Title/comments | Mars Panel Presentation | Final Report | Supporting Documents | ||
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| Summary of the Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities | |
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| Why Mars Remains a Compelling Target for Planetary Exploration | |
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| Seeking Signs of Life on a Terrestrial Planet: An Integrated Strategy for the Next Decade of Mars Exploration | |
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| MARS TRACE GAS MISSION: Scientific Goals and Measurement Objectives | |
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| Strategic Technology Development for Future Mars Missions (2013-2022) | |
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| Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C): A Potential Rover Mission for 2018 | |
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| The Rationale for a Long-lived Geophysical Network Mission to Mars | |
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| Relay Orbiters for Enhancing and Enabling Mars In Situ Exploration | |
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| A Consensus Vision for Mars Sample Return | |
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Compiled Bibliographic Citations and Acronym Glossary for the Mars-Related White Papers Submitted to the NRC’s Planetary Decadal Survey (Doc PDF)
Topical White Papers
The NRC is also interested in input on topical science areas. Self-organized science teams are welcome to provide input related to the current state of knowledge (NRC’s task #2), scientific questions (NRC’s task #3), and the science goals achievable by small spacecraft (NRC’s task #8), and anything else within the decadal survey’s charter.
To encourage and coordinate inputs, MEPAG is providing a place for the community to post their efforts. Please keep us informed if you are currently (or plan to) organize a white paper team and we can add it to the list if you desire.
| Title/comments | Contact | Final Report | List of Signatories | List of References | ||
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| The ionosphere of Mars and its importance for climate evolution | Paul Withers (withers@bu.edu) | |
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| Astrobiology (to be coordinated by NAI) | Jack Farmer (jfarmer@asu.edu) | |
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| Next Steps in Mars Polar Science: In Situ Subsurface Exploration of the North Polar Layered Deposits |
Mike Hecht (Michael.H.Hecht@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| Atmospheric Science Research Priorities for Mars | Michael Mischna (Michael.A.Mischna@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| Future Mars Landing Site Selection Activities | Matt Golombek (matthew.p.golombek@jpl.nasa.gov)
John Grant (grantj@si.edu) |
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| Mars' Ancient Dynamo and Crustal Remanent Magnetism | Rob Lillis (rlillis@ssl.berkeley.edu) | |
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| In-situ geochronology | Pan Conrad (Pamela.G.Conrad@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| The Value of Landed Meteorological Investigations on Mars: The Next Advance for Climate Science | Scot Rafkin [rafkin@boulder.swri.edu] | |
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| Dual Satellite Mars Chemistry and Climate Mission Concepts | E. Robert Kursinski [kursinski@atmo.arizona.edu] | |
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| The importance of (Noachian) impact craters as windows to the subsurface and as potential hosts of life | Susanne Schwenzer [Schwenzer@lpi.usra.edu] | |
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| Mars Polar Energy Balance Science for the Next Decade | Timothy N Titus [ttitus@usgs.gov] | |
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| Is a Resource-Mars a Stepping Stone to Human Exploration of the Solar System? | Michael Max [michaelmax1@mac.com] | |
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| Seismological investigations of Mars' deep interior | Thomas Ruedas [ruedas@dtm.ciw.edu] | |
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| Exploring the Shallow Subsurface of Mars with Imaging Radar: Scientific Promise and Technical Rationale | Bruce A. Campbell [campbellb@si.edu] | |
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| Are There Signs of Life on Mars?
A Scientific Rationale for a Mars Sample-Return Campaign
As The Next Step in Solar System Exploration |
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| Seeking Signs of Life on Mars: In Situ Investigations as Prerequisites to Sample Return Missions | |
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| The microstructure of the martian surface | |
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2023-2032 Decadal Survey
MEPAG White Papers
| Title/comments | Final Report | References Documents | Supporting Documents | |||
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| Mars Next Orbiter Science Analysis Group (NEX-SAG) | |
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| White Paper Summary of the Final Report from the Ice and Climate Evolution Science Analysis group (ICE-SAG) | |
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| Mars as a Competitive Candidate for Inclusion in the New Frontiers Mission List: MEPAG Community Perspectives | |
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| Mars System Science: Why Mars Remains a Compelling Target for Solar System Science | |
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| Summary of the Mars Science Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities | |
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| Deep Trek: Mission Concepts for Exploring Subsurface Habitability & Life on Mars: A Window into Subsurface Life in the Solar System. Charles D. Edwards (Charles.D.Edwards@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Mars Sample Return Campaign Concept Architecture Brian K. Muirhead (brian.k.muirhead@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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Topical White Papers
| Title/comments | Contact | Final Report | List of Signatories | List of References | Supporting Files | |
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| Mid-Latitude Ice on Mars: A Science Target for Planetary Climate Histories and an Exploration Target for In Situ Resources | Ali Bramson (BramsonA@purdue.edu) |
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| Measuring Mars Atmospheric Winds from Orbit | Scott Guzewich (scott.d.guzewich@nasa.gov) |
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| Terrestrial Planets Comparative Climatology (TPCC) mission concept | Leslie Tamppari (leslie.tamppari@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Why Mars Sample Return is a Mission Campaign of Compelling Importance to Planetary Science and Exploration | Brandi Carrier (bcarrier@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Astrobiology on Mars: Organic Chemical Evolution on an Earth-like Planet | Alfonso Davila (alfonso.davila@nasa.gov) |
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| Mars, The Nearest Habitable World – A Comprehensive Program For Future Mars Exploration | Bruce Jakosky (bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu) |
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| The case for a multi-channel polarization sensitive LIDAR for investigation of insolation-driven ices and atmospheres | Adrian Brown (adrian.j.brown@nasa.gov) |
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| Continued Use of Exogenic Materials found on Mars as Planetary Research Tools | James Ashley (james.w.ashley@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Mars as a Compelling Target in the Continuing Search for Signs of Extraterrestrial Life | Andrew Czaja (Andrew.czaja@uc.edu) |
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| Deep Trek: Science of Subsurface Habitability & Life on Mars: A Window into Subsurface Life in the Solar System | Vlada Stamenković (Vlada.Stamenkovic@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Observing Mars from Areostationary Orbit: Benefits and Applications | Luca Montabone (lmontabone@spacescience.org) |
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| A Critical Gap: In situ Measurements of Planetary Surface-Atmosphere Interactions Beyond Earth | Serina Diniega (Serina Diniega@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Mars as a natural laboratory for studying surface activity on a range of planetary bodies | Serina Diniega (Serina Diniega@jpl.nasa.gov) |
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| Current Activity on the Martian Surface: A Key Subject for Future Exploration | Colin M. Dundas (cdundas@usgs.gov) |
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| Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars | Claire E. Newman (claire@aeolisresearch.com) |
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| The Mars Atmospheric and Polar Science Mission | Scott Guzewich (scott.d.guzewich@nasa.gov) | |
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| Mars Ascent Vehicle needs a Sustained Development Effort, Regardless of Sample Return Mission Timelines | John Whitehead (john.whitehead@alumni.caltech.edu) | |
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| Technology Development Can Lead to Smaller Mars Ascent Vehicles, for Multiple Affordable Sample Returns | John Whitehead (john.whitehead@alumni.caltech.edu) | |
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| The Challenge of Launching Geology Samples off of Mars is Easily Underestimated, Due to Tempting Misconceptions | John Whitehead (john.whitehead@alumni.caltech.edu) | |
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| Emerging Capabilities for Mars Exploration | Charles D. Edwards (Charles.D.Edwards@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| Enabling Robotic and Human Exploration: A Relay Network for the Future of Mars Exploration | Roy Gladden (roy.e.gladden@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| Mars Science Helicopter: Compelling Science Enabled by an Aerial Platform | Jonathan Bapst (jonathan.bapst@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| High Science Value Return of Small Spacecraft at Mars | Nathan Barba (nathan.j.barba@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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| MASEX - A Dedicated Life Detection Mission on Mars | Ying Lin (ying.lin@jpl.nasa.gov) | |
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MSPG
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Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team
MSR Science Planning Group (MSPG) Reports
| MSPG Workshop #1 Report: Science in Containment | January 14-16, 2019 |
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| MSPG Workshop #2 Report: Contamination Control | May 1-3, 2019 |
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| MSPG Framework for Mars Returned Sample Science Management | November 14, 2019 |
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| MSPG Final Summary |
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